Afrique

Entre avril et août 2026, les frappes aériennes des forces maliennes et de leur allié russe Africa Corps ont tué 89 civils, contre 44 durant la même période en 2025. À partir des données de l'ACLED et des investigations de Human Rights Watch, une tendance se dessine et l'intensification des opérations militaires s'accompagne d'une aggravation du bilan humain.

Des frappes en hausse de 123 % en un an

Au Mali, le recours croissant à la puissance aérienne se traduit par un coût humain considérable. Dans son enquête publiée le 19 octobre, Human Rights Watch rapporte les données de l'organisation spécialisée dans le suivi des conflits ACLED, 49 frappes aériennes ont été recensées entre avril et août 2026, contre 22 sur les cinq mêmes mois de 2025. Dans le même temps, le nombre de civils tués dans ces opérations est passé de 44 à 89. Autrement dit, selon nos calculs, le nombre de frappes a augmenté de 122,7 %, tandis que celui des victimes civiles a progressé de 102,3 %. La comparaison porte sur une période identique, ce qui permet de mesurer l'évolution sans confondre un bilan annuel avec quelques mois d'activité.Des données qui établissent une augmentation simultanée des opérations aériennes et des pertes civiles. Elles ne permettent toutefois pas, à elles seules, de déterminer les circonstances de chaque décès ni la légalité de chaque frappe.

Un bilan qui dépasse les bombardements

Au-delà des attaques aériennes, les chiffres cités par HRW révèlent l'ampleur des violences contre les populations. Entre avril et août 2026, ACLED attribue 268 morts civils aux forces armées maliennes, contre 134 au Groupe de soutien à l'islam et aux musulmans, affilié à Al-Qaïda. Sur ce périmètre, le premier bilan représente donc exactement le double du second. Cette comparaison exige néanmoins de la rigueur. Elle concerne deux acteurs et une période déterminée ; elle ne constitue pas une répartition exhaustive des responsabilités dans l'ensemble du conflit. De même, les 89 victimes des frappes ne doivent pas être ajoutées aux 268 morts attribués à l'armée sans avoir vérifié les recoupements entre ces catégories.

Sur le terrain, des versions contradictoires

L'enquête documente notamment la frappe du 19 août sur le marché de Tombonkore, où six civils auraient été tués et au moins vingt autres blessés. Alors que les témoignages recueillis décrivent une attaque contre des habitants, l'armée avait annoncé avoir frappé une cible terroriste. Par ailleurs, HRW rapporte l'exécution d'au moins dix-neuf soldats capturés à Tabrichat. Le GSIM reconnaît que les meurtres ont eu lieu, tout en affirmant ne pas les avoir ordonnés ; le Front de libération de l'Azawad nie, pour sa part, toute responsabilité dans ces exécutions.

La protection des civils comme mesure des résultats

L'intérêt de ces données réside aussi dans les questions qu'elles imposent. Une hausse du nombre de frappes renseigne sur l'intensité de l'engagement militaire. En revanche, elle ne démontre ni un recul durable des groupes armés ni une amélioration de la sécurité des habitants.Pour évaluer ces résultats, il faudrait également suivre l'évolution des déplacements de population, l'accès aux marchés et aux soins, ainsi que la possibilité de regagner les villages. En l'absence de tels indicateurs, assimiler une multiplication des opérations à un succès sécuritaire demeure insuffisant.Les chiffres disponibles montrent ainsi un bilan civil qui s'alourdit. La question centrale reste celle de la protection effectivement apportée aux populations.

Les services de la 15e sûreté urbaine de la wilaya d’Oran ont saisi une importante quantité de viandes et de produits de la mer impropres […]

L’article Saisie choc : Près de 200 kg de viande et de poissons avariés découverts dans un garage privé est apparu en premier sur .

Après avoir laminé le Qatar (7-0) et l'Inde (27-0), les Guépards U-18 scolaires, ont fait un match nul avec la Chine, pays organisateur du mondial scolaire U-18 qui se joue actuellement dans la ville de Suzhou.

Le Bénin valide son ticket pour le tour suivant du mondial U-18 scolaire. Les jeunes Guépards ont tenu l'équipe 2 de la Chine (2-2) au terme d'une rencontre jouée dans la nuit du mardi 20 au mercredi 21 octobre 2026.
Menés à deux reprises, les joueurs dirigés par Séverin Danha ont fait preuve de détermination pour revenir dans la partie. John Ethan Hountinmé a inscrit le but de l'égalisation à la 53e minute, avant que Raphaël Fatonzoun ne remette les deux équipes à égalité dans les arrêts de jeu.

Ce résultat permet au Bénin de préserver son invincibilité dans la compétition. Avec un bilan de 7 points et une différence de buts de +34, les Guépards U-18 scolaires terminent en tête du groupe B, devant la Chine 2, créditée d'une différence de buts de +21.
Le Qatar occupe la troisième place, tandis que l'Inde termine dernière du groupe.

Pour la suite de la compétition, les jeunes Béninois affronteront Taipei, deuxième du groupe A, ce jeudi 22 octobre 2026 à 2 h 30, heure du Bénin. Cette rencontre des huitièmes de finale représente une nouvelle étape pour les Guépards U18, qui tenteront de poursuivre leur parcours et de décrocher leur qualification pour les quarts de finale.

F. A. A.

On Wednesday, the European Parliament voted to unlock funds to help 351 workers who lost their jobs in the Finnish paper industry.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Wednesday, the European Parliament voted to unlock funds to help 351 workers who lost their jobs in the Finnish paper industry.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Wednesday, the European Parliament voted to unlock funds to help 351 workers who lost their jobs in the Finnish paper industry.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Wednesday, MEPs voted to unlock aid worth €489 million to help the four countries recover following severe storms and flooding earlier this year.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Wednesday, MEPs voted to unlock aid worth €489 million to help the four countries recover following severe storms and flooding earlier this year.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

MEPs want a 2027 budget that reinforces the EU’s key priorities for the final year of the EU’s current long-term budget cycle.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

MEPs want a 2027 budget that reinforces the EU’s key priorities for the final year of the EU’s current long-term budget cycle.
Committee on Budgets

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

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Pyrrhos KIKI, géographe de formation et actuel chef du Service des Affaires domaniales de la mairie de Porto-Novo, est nommé Secrétaire exécutif (SE) de la mairie de Cotonou. C'est un ancien cadre de la municipalité de Porto-Novo qui avait exercé les fonctions de directeur de cabinet.

On connaît désormais le successeur de Paterne Amoussouga, le Secrétaire exécutif de la mairie de Cotonou, qui a rendu sa démission, pour raison de convenance personnelle. Pour sa succession, c'est l'ex directeur de cabinet de l'ancien maire de Porto-Novo, Emmanuel Zossou, qui est appelé. Il occupait jusqu'à sa nomination, le poste de chef du Service des Affaires domaniales de la mairie de Porto-Novo.
Sa prise de fonctions est annoncée pour les prochains jours. Cette nomination intervient dans un contexte où l'efficacité administrative et l'amélioration du cadre de vie des populations constituent des enjeux majeurs pour la capitale économique du Bénin.

F. A. A.

Une patiente est placée en isolement et reçoit des soins médicaux après son admission dans un hôpital d'Abuja.

Une patiente est placée en isolement et reçoit des soins médicaux après son admission dans un hôpital d'Abuja.

On Wednesday, plenary assessed the October EU summit results, focusing on a strong EU long-term budget and competitiveness in a debate with Presidents Costa and von der Leyen.

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

On Wednesday, plenary assessed the October EU summit results, focusing on a strong EU long-term budget and competitiveness in a debate with Presidents Costa and von der Leyen.

Source : © European Union, 2026 - EP

The Sámi, Europe's last recognised Indigenous community, continue to have their livelihood and lifestyle threatened. Credit: Johan Mikaelsson/IPS

By Johan Mikaelsson
SÁPMI, Norway, Oct 21 2026 (IPS)

The Sámi, Europe’s last recognised Indigenous community, have faced threats to their existence throughout history. Norway, in 2024, apologised for its forced assimilation policy following the findings of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission report, and in September 2026 Sweden has recently been told to do the same.

Despite the growing understanding of how their culture and economic livelihoods have been threatened, their precarious lifestyle is again under threat, ironically from something that is usually considered positive: the ‘green revolution’.

Kautokeino, in Norway’s far north, feels like a capital of Sápmi, the homeland of the Sámi people. The region is associated with the Scandinavian mountain range and the vast territories traversed by reindeer. Much of it lies above the Arctic Circle, stretching across Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia.

In Kautokeino, 95 percent of the population are Sámi, and Northern Sámi is the main language. One in every two inhabitants owns reindeer. So does municipal council leader Anders S. Buljo, who once worked full-time in reindeer herding, a livelihood his son has since taken over.

“Right now, the reindeer are in the higher mountains closer to the coast and out on the islands,” Buljo explains, standing on a hilltop with a 360-degree view across the vast landscape.

In September, the reindeer move inland to their winter grazing grounds. The Sámi were once nomadic, following the reindeer’s seasonal movements across the landscape. Reindeer herding remains deeply intertwined with Sámi culture, and both reindeer-herding Sámi and those who rely on hunting and fishing maintain a strong connection to nature.

Beyond the houses clustered in the settlement, the landscape is largely untouched: tens of kilometres of tundra and rolling hills dotted with low trees, marshes, lakes and flowing streams. Rounded, barren mountains stretch towards the horizon, where higher peaks remain covered in snow and ice throughout the year.

The reindeer were once wild, hunted by the Sámi with bows and arrows and spears. Traces of trapping pits, used for thousands of years, can still be found in the terrain.

Over time, the Sámi began gathering reindeer into herds at certain times of the year, separating them and slaughtering selected animals. As the Sámi were brought under state administration, Sámi reindeer-herding communities were established. Each has hundreds or thousands of reindeer, yet the obstacles facing the livelihood continue to mount.

“Wind power, mines and holiday villages are taking up more and more space. At least here, tourism is manageable, as there are no large ski resorts,” says Buljo.

Forestry, agriculture, mining, construction, hydropower, snowmobile trails, ski-lift systems and a growing network of roads and railways are increasingly affecting Sápmi. Helicopters ferry hunters and skiers into the mountains, and skiing from mountain peaks by helicopter is permitted in Sweden.

“It is incredible how little people know about the Sámi and Indigenous peoples, especially further south. We need to build understanding,” Buljo says.

The wind farm at Fosen is a telling example. In 2021, Norway’s Supreme Court ruled that the wind turbines built there were illegal because they infringed on the reindeer herders’ right to practise their culture.

“They build first and ask questions afterwards. The courts established that it was a human rights violation. But the wind turbines are still there,” Buljo says.

Like Indigenous peoples across the Americas, nation states forcibly displaced the Sámi through violence and legislation.

“This continued into the 1970s. We see similar tendencies even today, as the Fosen case shows.”

Anything associated with the “green transition” is often presented as inherently positive. Yet beneath the rhetoric lie the economic interests of states and corporations.

“How green is the transition, really? When the last ore has been extracted from the mountains and the last peak has been fitted with a wind turbine, there will be no reason to stay,” Buljo says.

His municipality can nevertheless influence the direction of development and, for example, prevent mines from opening.

“In 2019, the Supreme Court recognised reindeer husbandry as a traditional use of the land, improving its legal position. And we have come a little further in Norway than in Sweden and Finland.”

In 1979, Karesuando in Sweden’s far north hosted the Davvi Suvva festival, which brought together Indigenous people from around the world. In the opening speech, preserved in the documentary We Are All Brothers and Sisters, Oula Näkkäläjärvi, spokesperson for the Sámi, said:

“We, Indigenous people, have one thing in common: we want to live in harmony with nature, and we can.”

That conviction remains. Yet technological progress and economic growth are transforming lives everywhere, with profound consequences for Indigenous peoples. The price of “development” is an escalating climate crisis. Above the Arctic Circle, the changes are increasingly visible: milder winters, warmer summers and shrinking glaciers. Flora and fauna are being affected in front of us.

Norway and Denmark are among the 24 countries that have ratified the International Labour Organization’s Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169). Neither Sweden nor Finland has signed this key instrument for the protection of Indigenous rights.

The genocide of Indigenous peoples in North America began with colonisation and continued well into the 20th century. Neither the United States nor Canada has ratified ILO Convention 169. In the Nordic countries, the Sámi did not put up armed resistance. Living dispersed across the region, they were gradually pushed off lands they had inhabited for millennia.

In Norway, a Truth and Reconciliation Commission worked from 2018 to 2023. Alongside an official apology to the Sámi people, concrete measures have been taken. Finland’s Sámi Truth and Reconciliation Commission published its report in December 2025. In Sweden, the Truth Commission for the Sami People presented its report on 30 September 2026.

The auditorium at Mid Sweden University in Östersund was filled. Hundreds of Sámi had travelled from across Sápmi to witness a historic moment, one that many hoped would mark the beginning of something new.

“Sweden’s assimilation policy has been very successful,” says Marja-Kristin Skum, her remark edged with irony.

Skum is Sámi, a reindeer owner, teacher and language researcher at the Sámi University of Applied Sciences in Kautokeino. As part of the Truth Commission’s work, she interviewed people willing to share their experiences. Most were between 60 and 70 years old, but even children gave testimony. The accounts leave little doubt that state policies have left deep scars.

“Here is the truth. But what does reconciliation look like? This is not just about us Sámi. The majority population and the state also have work to do. How are we to repair all the damage that has been done? This wound has never healed,” Skum says.

Although policies in Norway, Finland and Sweden have differed, the three countries face many of the same questions about their past and present. Liv Inger Somby, rector of the Sámi University of Applied Sciences in Kautokeino, travelled more than 1,000 kilometres to Östersund to attend the presentation of the Swedish report, which calls for “an official apology, compensation, and national redress for historical injustices.”

“Of course, what is happening in Sweden is being followed in Norway, too. We essentially have no borders in Sápmi, and we need to keep working across national boundaries. It is very important that we stand strong together,” Somby says.

From the 18th century onwards, farmers from southern Sweden were granted land in the north, where timber, silver, iron ore, gold and other natural resources awaited exploitation. From the 1950s onwards, numerous hydropower plants with huge dams were built, submerging large areas of land under water.

Well into the 20th century, the Sámi were prevented from speaking their own language and forbidden to practise their religion and spirituality, both deeply intertwined with nature and the landscape. In the 2020s, Sámi culture is experiencing what some describe as a “boom”, with growing visibility in film, literature and music and recognition in the cultural sphere.

Ol-Ánte Sikku, chairman of The Gaaltije Foundation, a South Sami cultural centre and museum in Östersund, reflects on what comes next.

“A truth commission cannot be repeated, and its report cannot simply be put on a shelf. Something has to come of it. If it does not happen now, it never will,” he says. Sikku also notes that the political and social climate has become harsher since the commission began its work.

“With mining and resource exploitation, the ‘green transition’, defence, rearmament and space initiatives, Sámi interests can be seen as obstacles.”

When political leaders suggest, implicitly or explicitly, that the Sámi are standing in the way of development, they fuel hostility.

Whether Sweden’s Truth Commission will lead to concrete action remains to be seen. Its report now passes into the hands of a new government. Sweden held a parliamentary election on 13 September, but negotiations to form a government may take time.

A possible left-green-centre coalition is expected to place greater emphasis on environmental protection than the outgoing right-wing government. Economic interests, however, continue to carry considerable weight.

The pressure on Sápmi is intense. Proposals and applications range from extensions to ski-lift systems to large wind farms and mines. Even foreign companies can obtain permits for test drilling. Sweden is often described as a country covered in forest, but 90 percent is managed land, planted with spruce or pine and harvested after 80–120 years.

There is a Sámi saying: “If the Sámi take care of the reindeer, the reindeer take care of the Sámi.”

Today, this relationship involves far more than the practical work of herding. For Sámi reindeer-herding communities, it also means a constant struggle through legal and administrative processes, with documents to read, prepare and respond to.

The recently approved establishment of another mine near Kiruna is a case in point. The project will affect the Gabna Sámi reindeer-herding community, once again restricting the reindeer’s ability to move freely through the landscape.

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

 

 

 

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