Afrique

Alors que les regards étaient rivés vers l’horizon ce mercredi soir, les comités d’observation d’Arabie Saoudite, des Émirats Arabes Unis, du Koweït, du Qatar et […]

L’article Fin du ramadan 2026 : l’Arabie saoudite annonce la date de l’Aïd el-Fitr est apparu en premier sur .

Le Premier ministre Sifi Ghrieb a présidé, ce mercredi, une réunion du gouvernement consacrée à l’examen de plusieurs dossiers stratégiques, selon un communiqué officiel. Au […]

L’article Algérie : un nouveau décret pour encadrer les marchés publics en préparation est apparu en premier sur .

Le président de la République, Abdelmadjid Tebboune, a procédé à un mouvement partiel dans le corps diplomatique et consulaire. Cette décision s’inscrit dans une volonté […]

L’article Remaniement : Tebboune opère un mouvement dans les rangs des ambassadeurs et consuls algériens est apparu en premier sur .

Moroccans feel justice has been done but the Senegalese are angry after being stripped of the title.

BBC Sport journalists and pundits look at what happened at the chaotic Afcon final, and what comes next.

Le juge d’instruction près le tribunal de Mascara a ordonné le placement en détention provisoire du propriétaire d’une agence de voyages, poursuivi pour des faits […]

L’article Escroquerie à 18 milliards : un gérant d’agence de voyages derrière les barreaux est apparu en premier sur .

Cette visite d'État revêt une grande importance, car elle témoigne des liens historiques, diplomatiques et culturels de longue date qui unissent les deux pays.

Cette visite d'État revêt une grande importance, car elle témoigne des liens historiques, diplomatiques et culturels de longue date qui unissent les deux pays.

Un nouveau signal d’apaisement se profile dans les relations entre Alger et Madrid. Le ministre espagnol des Affaires étrangères, José Manuel Albares, devrait effectuer une […]

L’article Après la crise, un rapprochement ? L’Espagne prépare un sommet avec l’Algérie est apparu en premier sur .

Le monde sportif africain est en ébullition suite à la décision de la CAF qui donne le Maroc vainqueur de la CAN TotalEnergies 2025. La BBC vous fait vivre quelques réactions.

Der einzige Polizeihelikopter der Schweiz muss bald stillgelegt werden – und noch fehlt eine Nachfolgelösung. Damit droht eine Sicherheitslücke, wird im Bundesparlament befürchtet.

Die Polizei Basel-Landschaft sucht nach Daniel Neuenschwander (53) aus Pratteln. Er wurde am 12. März zuletzt gesehen und könnte nach Deutschland gereist sein. Hinweise bitte an die Polizei unter 061 553 35 35.

Le verdict du jury d’appel de la Confédération africaine de football, qui a retiré au Sénégal son titre de champion d’Afrique 2025 pour l’attribuer au […]

L’article Verdict scandaleux du jury d’appel : le Sénégal annonce la guerre contre la CAF est apparu en premier sur .

Der März ist die ideale Zeit, um mit der Aussaat zu starten. Während robuste Sorten wie Erbsen und Rüebli nun schon direkt ins Beet können, sollten empfindlichere Pflanzen wie Tomaten oder Paprika zunächst drinnen vorgezogen werden.

In Engelberg stürzt am 18. März eine Gondel in die Tiefe. Augenzeugen berichten von extremen Windbedingungen und gefährlichen Fahrten.

L’entreprise nationale de promotion immobilière (ENPI) a annoncé l’ouverture des inscriptions pour la vente de plus de 1.000 logements LPL et 50 villas dans le […]

L’article Logements LPL 2026 : l’ENPI ouvre les inscriptions dans plusieurs wilayas, prix et superficies dévoilés est apparu en premier sur .

A travers une décision de son Jury d'Appel, l'instance juridictionnelle a ''déclaré forfait le Sénégal'', et désigne le Maroc comme étant le vainqueur de la Coupe d'Afrique 2025.

A travers une décision de son Jury d'Appel, l'instance juridictionnelle a ''déclaré forfait le Sénégal'', et désigne le Maroc comme étant le vainqueur de la Coupe d'Afrique 2025.

Written by Tristan Marcelin.

AI rules and governance

The AI Act was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council in 2024 to improve the functioning of the internal market, promote the uptake of human-centric and trustworthy AI, ensure a high level of protection against the harmful effects of AI systems and support innovation.

Rules for AI systems and GPAI models

The AI Act regulates AI systems, which are machine-based systems designed to operate with a certain degree of autonomy and generate outputs from the inputs they receive. The regulation applies a risk-based approach to AI systems, differentiating between ‘unacceptable risks’, ‘high risks’, ‘transparency risks’ and ‘minimal risks’. While prohibited AI systems are not allowed in the internal market, providers, deployers, importers and distributors of high-risk AI (HRAI) systems are under certain obligations, including ensuring that systems are compliant and meet particular standards.

The AI Act also regulates general-purpose AI (GPAI) models, which are capable of performing a wide range of tasks and being integrated into a variety of systems or applications. The GPAI definition includes generative AI models, such as OpenAI’s GPT‑5, Google’s Gemini 3 and Mistral Large 3. The AI Act considers that some GPAI models pose systemic risks (such as negative effects on democratic processes or on public and economic security) if they reach a defined level of capability or are designated as such by the European Commission. GPAI models with systemic risks are subject to extra requirements, such as model evaluation and risk assessment.

Governance framework

The AI Act establishes a hybrid enforcement model with a centralised and a decentralised part. The risk-based approach for AI systems is enforced at national level with support and advice from centralised entities, including the European Commission. Conversely, GPAI rules are exclusively supervised and enforced by the Commission. However, researchers note that the decentralised pattern remains dominant in the AI Act, potentially leading to challenges around uneven enforcement in the EU.

This model differs from purely decentralised or other hybrid models. For instance, under the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the data protection rules are in principle subject to decentralised enforcement, but data protection authorities must cooperate in accordance with the ‘one-stop shop mechanism‘ and the new GDPR procedural rules in cross-border cases. Moreover, the European Data Protection Board can issue general guidance and opinions.

Enforcement at national level

The AI Act obliges Member States to designate two types of authority – at least one notifying authority and a market surveillance authority. Both authorities have distinct roles within the enforcement process and its timeline. The national market surveillance authority also functions as the single point of contact at national level. Member States were required to designate their competent authorities and single points of contact by 2 August 2025.

The European Commission maintains a list of single points of contact for all Member States. As of March 2026, the list comprised eight single contact points, out of 27.

Notifying authority, conformity assessment body and notified body

The notifying authority is responsible for setting up and carrying out the necessary ex‑ante procedures for assessing HRAI systems before they enter the EU market. However, the notifying authority does not conduct the assessment itself but instead designates conformity assessment bodies to carry out the task. Notifying authorities must inform the Commission and other Member States once the conformity assessment body has been designated, which then becomes a ‘notified body’. Notified bodies must be independent of the provider and operator of the HRAI system they assess.

Market surveillance authority

The market surveillance authority performs ex‑post checks once AI systems have been placed on the internal market. Its powers include requesting documents, evaluating systems and imposing fines, if needed. However, a separate authority may be in charge of ex‑post checking in certain situations, such as controlling HRAI systems for financial institutions or law enforcement.

Enforcement at EU level

The AI Act has created a number of EU‑level entities to assist, support and advise Member States and the Commission (which runs the AI Office) in their enforcement tasks.

AI Office

The AI Office is defined by the AI Act as the ‘Commission’s function of contributing to the implementation, monitoring and supervision of AI systems and general-purpose AI models, and AI governance’. It has the sole authority to enforce the AI Act provisions on GPAI models. It is also responsible for soft instruments, such as codes of practice, guidelines and communications that shape the regulation’s implementation

Digital omnibus on AI proposal – further centralisation
The digital omnibus on AI, put forward in November 2025 by the Commission, is a set of amendments to the AI Act to further centralise its enforcement. If European co-legislators adopt the proposal in its current state, the AI Office would supervise the compliance of AI systems integrated into very large online platforms (VLOPs) or very large search engines (VLOSEs), as defined under the Digital Services Act, as well as AI systems based on GPAI models where the system and model come from the same provider.

European AI board

The European AI board is composed of one representative per Member State, with the European Data Protection Supervisor and the AI Office as observers. According to researchers, the board’s tasks are limited to advisory and coordinating functions, including ‘facilitating cooperation among national competent authorities, aggregating and disseminating technical and regulatory expertise among Member States, and offering guidance on the AI Act’s implementation’.

Scientific panel of independent experts

The AI Act defines the scientific panel as a panel of experts selected by the Commission on the basis of up-to-date scientific and technical expertise in the field of AI. The panel is aimed at centralising expertise to advise and support the AI Office, as well as national market surveillance authorities at their request.

AI advisory forum

The AI advisory forum comprises stakeholders from industry, start-ups, SMEs, civil society and academia. The AI Act tasks the forum with providing technical expertise, advising the board and the Commission and contributing to their tasks under the regulation.

Read this ‘at a glance’ note on ‘Enforcement of the AI Act‘ in the Think Tank pages of the European Parliament.

Dans une réaction publiée ce mercredi, le gouvernement sénégalais fustige la décision du Jury d'Appel de la CAF et fait appel à une "enquête internationale indépendante pour soupçons de corruption" au sein de la CAF.